Doc Martin - Regional Identity

In the ITV series 'Doc Martin' it presents regional identity throughout the extract by the use of stereotypical binary opposition through the characters accents and dialogue. Those who live in the village are deemed more calm, down to earth and lower class whereas people who live in the city (Doc Martin) are displayed as being posh, uptight and higher class.





There is a camera shot that is used in this clip which is an establishing shot. This is used at the start of the clip when the audience see Doc Martin walk into the room while the two plumbers are working on fixing the sink. By using this type of technique the audience are able to establish the characters social class and position in society due to the clothing and accents from the opposite people. Audience members are then able to understand the bigger picture, for example Doc Martin is portrayed as being a part of upper class due to his smart suit and his posh estuary English accent, whereas the plumbers are displayed as being part of the working class due to their low pay job and their Cornish accents which is normally associated with farm jobs. This clip also contains different close up shots that present the characters features from the shoulder onwards. By doing this the audience can see the positioning of the characters expressions which helps interpret what they may be feeling or thinking at this particular time of the scene. This camera shot is used when the main character, Doc Martin, is talking to the two plumbers who are dressed in old, worn down, raggedy all in one clothing, while they are interacting with one another the viewers are able to pick up certain traits about the characters which helps them understand the storyline by learning what their different expressions display.





Shot reverse shot is used frequently throughout this scene. This has been used when two characters are in a conversation especially at the start when the water starts exploding in the room and numerous problems start occurring at the same time causing Doc Martin to become angry and stressed. Fast paced editing has also been used at this certain point when all the clips start happening in a quick movement, by doing this it creates an hectic atmosphere and builds tension for the audience due to different things starting to appear all at once. The shot reverse shot is used to show the standard forms of having a polite conversation between two individuals which the viewers can easily interpret their own way and follow the storyline of the TV show. Cuts have been used throughout this clip in order to create a continuous scene, except from the fast paced editing at the start of the clip the other short shots are slightly slower paced to show there is no action happening and makes viewers focus more on the interaction happening between characters. This has occurred when Doc Martin is walking with the Susan Brading when she orders her normal prescription, due to the slow timing of the cuts it creates a calm and relaxed atmosphere that gives the audience no sense of anticipation meaning nothing shocking will happen in the near future. This enables that viewers become more comfortable as not a lot of things are happening.




At the part of this clip when Doc Martin is taking his dog to the police station to report him as a 'stray' non-diegetic sound has been used. The use of music in the background of the scene adds different effects so the audience can enjoy the TV show. When this clip appears it's straight after all the hectic business with the plumbers and the dog, by adding music to this part it creates a calm atmosphere which contrasts with the previous scene - this portrays a humorous effect making the viewers enjoy the comedic advantages to the series. Diegetic sound has also been included through the use of dialogue between characters that happens frequently throughout the clip. Dialogue enables the audience to witness the characters regional identity by listening to their accents which many portray particular slang, this will then highlight the setting so that the audience can understand more about the characters involved. This type of sound has been used when people are having a conversation so that they can interact and understand one another. For example, when Doc Martin starts contacting with his customers by talking with Susan Brading he is able to know what her intentions are due to them communicating with each other. Using dialogue also makes it easier for the audience to follow the story and keep up with the different characters.




To represent different social classes and personal life the characters are dressed up in different attires. Doc Martin is wearing a navy suit that portrays him as being part of the upper class due to his smart looks compared with the plumber workers old rag uniform that makes them look like a part of the working class. Their accents also contrast against each other to show the characters different background e.g. Doc Martin uses estuary English which is stereotypically associated with wealthy people making the viewers assume he comes from good education and an upper class childhood. The workers in the same building have a Cornish accent which can be seen as being part of the working class due to the low pay job such as farming or plumbing. Ambient lighting has been used constantly in this scene due to the characters being outside for the majority of the clip. By using a bright light the audience are able to tell the difference between being outdoors and indoors, this way the viewers are able to understand the TV show even more. The bright lighting has been used when Doc Martin is walking through the village on his way to deliver the 'stray' dog to the police station.

Humans

This Channel 4 TV series Humans shows a lot of different representations of age. In this 3 minute clip taken from this show the audience can see the stereotype of elderly people which is presented from the character William Hurt. The audience can see that elderly people are stereotyped as being cranky and grumpy, this could be due to being fragile and having a lack of strength. This is shown when other characters arrive at his door offering a modern synth, his vulnerable state is proven by Hunt not being able to persuade the authorities to leave his property.

A camera shot that is used in this clip is an over the shoulder shot. This shot has been used when William Hurt is attending to his 'Synths' needs by wiping away the blood running down his nose, by doing this Hurt is showing an act of kindness towards his robot which suggests to the audience that despite this characters stereotype he is actually quite nice and soft to people who he respects. This is used normally to show the formal acts of people having a polite conversation that may contain change of tone to show the characters emotion e.g. a raised voice may represent anger. By doing this it helps the audience to understand what is happening and follow the storyline better, it also shows more interaction between the two characters and show one another responding back to the others comments. When using this shot for this scene it shows the rarity of this characters actions which the audience assumes his act of kindness doesn't occur often. Another camera shot that is used in this clip is an establishing shot. This is used after the authorities have knocked on Hurts' door and he leaves to go and hide his 'Synth', the shot shows the setting of the scene which in this case is this particular characters house. This shot has been used to help the viewers understand where the scene has changed to and why it's changed this then makes them again understand and follow the storyline more. By showing the establishing shot the audience can assume things about this character. For example, when seeing the amount of greenery in his front garden it represents a lack of encouragement towards gardening or showing his feelings of how people perceive him showing he doesn't care what other people think.

Different editing techniques have been used throughout this clip. The first technique shown is a shot reverse shot. This has been used when the authorities knock on the door and William Hurt answers, the camera then continues to face each character when they start speaking to each other. It is also used later on in the scene when both characters are sitting down in Hurts living room discussing the subject of having a new 'Synth'. When using this technique it shows the audience these characters are having a conversation or are talking to each other, also by using this the viewer can also see the characters expression and interpret them anyway they want to meaning different people will interpret different things. The pace of the clips effects the audiences views of the show so by having a shot reverse shot it speeds up the clips making the viewer enjoy more and makes sure they don't get bored or misunderstand anything. Another editing technique that is used is cuts. This is used throughout this clip to maintain the continuity and the flow of the scene. By using this it makes sure that everything happening in the scene is occurring at a regular pace that agrees with the audience's personal enjoyment and experience. Due to there being no action in this scene viewers can easily become disinterested so by using cuts they are able to speed up the scene but also makes sure it has been understood by the audience.

A sound technique that has been used in this clip is diegetic sound. This has been used through the dialogue between the two characters that speak throughout this scene, whenever one of the characters moves their mouth their words are heard by the viewers instantly. By using this type of sound it makes the audience follow with what the speakers are saying and can interpret their words any way they want. When not having diegetic sound it makes it hard for the viewers to understand what the characters are trying to say, this also would make the show a lot more unrealistic and drastic. For a TV programme to be popular it has to have a hint of realism in order for the audience to follow the storyline and bear to continue watching the show. Another sound type that is used is non-diegetic sound, this is sounds that do not have a source on screen. This has been used when there is music in the background at the start of the clip. By having this the audience can assume different things about the particular character. For example, in this clip classical music is played when the viewers are presented with William Hurt in his house representing his age. Classical music is stereotypically associated with elderly people like rap music is stereotypically associated with teenagers. This then fits in with his sarcastic behaviour when dealing with the people at his door showing the stereotype of older people being angry or grumpy.

The lighting used in this clip constantly changes to show different things. A darker lighting is used when the two characters are talking in the living room, this is because it shows the transition from outside to inside. This has been shown when a lighter lighting is used when William Hurt opens the door. However a darker light is also used in the living room to show that what the characters are talking about is considered bad to the main character the audience sees e.g. William Hurt. As these two people are talking about replacing his old 'Synth' with a new one it dampens his mood due to needing his current 'Synth' to show memories of his late wife due to having memory loss. The lighting represents his mood. The props that have been used and placed in William Hurt's living room have an antique look to them showing the age of the character. All the props show a time of life for this character such as photos, certificates of his achievements or old books, this shows his lifetime through his objects.

Downton Abbey

In the BBC TV series Downton Abbey there are representations of different social classes e.g. upper, middle and working. An example of the upper class is the Crawley family. The audience can immediately tell that this family has a huge amount of wealth due to their clothing (smart and expensive looking), house (mansion sized), accessories and their accent (standard English). The daughters of the family are stereotypes as they have a snobby attitude which is to be expected when they have a lot of money however the father of the family, Robert, is a counter stereotype. This is because he shows emotion when knowing innocent people are being harmed despite their position in society, this is shown when he hears the news about the Titanic sinking and mentions how the working class women and children wouldn't have been rescued due to their lack of wealth. An example of the working class is the Crawley's servants. This is seen to be obvious due to their low quality clothing which consists of dull colours and lack of shaping although the workers who give the members of the family food are seen to be wearing smart clothes e.g. tux, dress. This is to keep up appearances in front of the family. Their accents are less standard and more informal whereas the Crawley's accents are very formal and contain standard English.



In this first few seconds of this clip there is an establishing shot. This is used to set the scene, by doing this they are able to show the audience where it's set and give the viewers an idea of their position in society e.g. castle shows they are wealthy, trailer shows they are poor. Another camera shot is used later on in the scene which is an over the shoulder shot. This has been used when the father of the Crawley family, Robert, is looking at the newspaper and the camera goes over his shoulder when he's on the page about the Titanic sinking. By using this shot the audience is able to finally see what the characters have been reacting too. Because the viewers hadn't been shown what all the characters knew it built suspense and made a tense atmosphere. This shot has been used a numerous other times in this clip such as when two servants are talking in the basement at the start of the scene. By using this here the audience are able to recognise the characters having a conversation and are able to follow the storyline by understanding what they're saying.  There is also a close up shot used in this clip. This has been used with certain characters to try and gauge their expression for the audience in tense moments e.g. finding out the news about Titanic. Close up shots make the atmosphere even more tense as it feels more realistic for the viewer as they get more involved with the story and characters so they think their part of the show.



In this clip from the TV series Downton Abbey there are a lot of editing techniques used. The first one is cuts. This is when different shots are cut together to make the scene seem continuous and to show a lot of things are happening at once. In this scene cuts have been used throughout the clip especially when Robert Crawley finds out they knew people who were on the Titanic and didn't get rescued - at this point the cuts appear faster which makes a tense atmosphere. By having faster shots it builds suspense for the audience as they are aware of something about to happen and knows whatever it is will be bad news for the Crawley family. Also the faster cuts show how the characters are feeling which makes the viewers relate more e.g. the faster the pace the more upset/angry the character is. Another editing technique that has been used throughout this scene is a shot reverse shot. This is normally used to show two characters are in a conversation. However this shot has been used numerous times with the servants when they are downstairs preparing the Crawley's breakfast e.g. when one servant is ironing the newspaper and he gets told to only do one. By using a shot reverse shot here the audience is able to see the characters having a conversation but also can see the speed of which everything is happening, this also relates to the pace of the cuts. The audience are able to see how fast the servants are working by the hand-held effect when the camera is reversing with two characters, the shaky effect makes everything looks rushed which contrasts when the camera is upstairs with the Crawley family - this shows the difference between the working class and upper class lifestyles.



During the tense parts of this clip there is non-diegetic sound used. This type of sound is used when the Crawley family find out about the news about the Titanic sinking, after Robert finds out he knew people on board the ship music starts to play over their dialogue as he goes to share the news. The music has a deep bass to build a tense atmosphere which keeps the audience interested with the storyline so they don't get bored or don't understand what is happening. At the start of the clip there is no music to show the order of business and to show the difference between the servants and the Crawley family. There is also diegetic sound used which is shown when the characters use dialogue. Whenever the characters are seen to be talking the audience hear what they are saying, their accents help the audience know which people are from what social class. The servants have a more cockney accent which is more informal with a lot of slang and not a lot of standard English unless they are speaking to one of the members of the Crawley family. Whereas the characters in the Crawley family who live upstairs and not in the basement their accents are more formal with a lot of standard English which doesn't change depending on who they are talking to. Due to the differences of their accents the viewers find it much more easier to understand where each character belongs and helps when following the storyline of the series.



There are a lot of other things suggesting the characters social class. For example, their clothing. Members of the Crawley family all wear clothes that would normally be worn for important occasions however they seem to wear them for everyday use e.g. women wear dresses/gowns and men wear black tuxes. Their clothes also look expensive due to their high quality and form fitting looks. The servants who work in the basement are seen to be wearing dull and dirty looking rag clothes that seem to be cheap and have a lack of good quality fabrics due to the tears in their outfits. However the servants who deliver the food to the Crawley family wear better looking clothing e.g. tux so they look professional and put together for every member of the family. This makes it clear for the audience who is who and who's wealthy or poor. There is a contrast of lighting in this scene to represent the different areas of social class. In the basement the lighting is dark and dreary to show the servants position downstairs whereas upstairs with the Crawley family the lighting is bright and cheerful looking. This could represent how the wealthy people in upper class are happier and have no worries due to having everything they want but people who are poor and in the working class are sad/depressed as they have to work hard everyday in order to eat food and stay healthy. The props also show the characters position in society as the servants are surrounded by cleaning products, dishes etc. but the Crawley family have expensive looking furniture and ornaments.

Hotel Babylon - Improvement

This clip from the BBC TV series Hotel Babylon shows a large sum of different ethnic groups, for example when all the immigrants are in the laundry room the audience can see one man who seems to be from Africa and an office woman who's Asian. In this extract we see ethnicity as being represented as a bad thing or a criminal act, the viewers can see this when all the immigrants are running away from the authorities. This shows that people of a different ethnic group have to achieve lower then their original career expectations, we are shown this when the African  man hints at being a doctor earlier on in his life. In this clip there is a few examples of common stereotypes. Firstly, the receptionist at the start of the scene is seen to have blonde hair, blue eyes and the audience assumes she thrives on her appearance. At first look the viewers would see this character as a stereotype as they would assume she's ditzy and is a receptionist due to her looks and not her brain. This stereotype relates to people thinking blondes are dumb due to their hair colour. However the audience is shown this is not true when she makes the 'secret' code to her co-worker and warns the immigrants about the authorities walking in.



In this clip there are a lot of different camera shots. One camera shot that is used is a hand-held zoom. This is used at the start of the clip when the camera is focusing on the receptionist, the camera then zooms into the character when the authorities walk into the hotel. By using this camera shot the audience is able to recognise the tense atmosphere as by zooming it the viewers are able to see that a bad thing is about to happen and so the camera is gauging the receptionists' expression. This also adds suspension to the atmosphere which makes the TV series seem more exciting and doesn't bore the audience. Another camera shot that is used is a point of view/over the shoulder shot. The shot is placed at a high angle as it makes things look more threatening e.g. the authorities walking into the hotel. This shot is used when the authorities walk in and the camera is placed over the shoulder of the receptionist so the audience can see from her point of view. When using this camera shot it makes the audience more aware of what is happening and understand more of the storyline, this makes them feel more involved with the series and bond with the characters so they are easily recognised. This makes the atmosphere more tense as the audience is aware of something that some of the characters are not e.g. the viewers know the hotel contains a large amount of immigrants whereas the authorities suspect but are not 100% sure.



This scene from the TV series Hotel Babylon contains a lot of editing techniques. The first type of editing is the fast-paced editing that is used throughout this clip. This is when all the scenes are edited together and contains lots of different shots, this creates an effect that time is happening quickly and makes it look like everything is going on all at once at different places. By doing this it helps produce a bigger tension for the audience and builds suspense letting the audience wonder what may happen. Another editing technique that is used is shot reverse shot. This is when the camera is on one character looking at another (off screen) and then the camera moves to the next character looking back at them. When this is used it's normally to show a conversation between two characters. However in this clip it is used when the receptionist is talking to the other staff member telling him the secret code to hide the immigrants that are inside the hotel. This shot is used to show the audience the interaction between them so that they can easily understand what is going on and why they have to warn everyone in the building. Also by using this shot it adds to the already tense atmosphere.

In this clip there is diegetic sound that has been used. When the audience see the characters running, walking, talking, shouting they hear the sounds to go with it e.g. footsteps, voices. This is used to help the audience understand what is happening and follow with the story, when the noises are not corresponding with what is on screen it makes it hard for the viewers to listen and pay attention to the show. The dialogue used in this clip makes the series more realistic which makes it more relatable for the audience. Another technique used is non diegetic sound. This has been shown when they use music over certain moments in a clip. In this scene the music has been played over the tense parts e.g. when all the immigrants are running into the cupboard. As this happens the music speeds up and the bass becomes deeper, this has been done as this adds suspense which makes it more realistic for the audience as they are able to feel what the characters may be feeling at this certain time. By using non diegetic sound the viewers are able to be caught up in the story and makes sure they do not get bored or don't understand what is happening. This makes the TV series become more popular due to people liking the tense scenes.



The lighting used in this scene is very bright and ambient, this is used to show that at this moment in the clip it is daylight. However the light is slightly darker to show that the characters are indoor and not outside, the bright light contrasts against the hotel being mysterious and aloof. There are a few props used in this scene such as the hoovers that the cleaner uses just before he gets taken away by the authorities. This is to show the audience this characters position in the show and what his job entails, this makes it much more realistic and understandable. The setting of this show is of a hotel featuring the lobby, laundry room and hallways. This has been used to make it again more realistic and for the audience to believe the characters are real. Costumes used are to make it clear to the audience who works at the hotel and who is the immigrants. To separate these characters they dressed the immigrants in all the same outfits - this makes sure they all look the same and all have the same value. This shows the audience they are not important compared to the staff at the hotel making it clearer who is who.

Hotel Babylon

This clip from the BBC TV series Hotel Babylon shows a large sum of different ethnic groups, for example when all the immigrants are in the laundry room the audience can see one man who seems to be from Africa and an office woman who's Asian. In this extract we see ethnicity as being represented as a bad thing or a criminal act, the viewers can see this when all the immigrants are running away from the authorities. This shows that people of a different ethnic group have to achieve lower then their original career expectations, we are shown this when the African  man hints at being a doctor earlier on in his life.



In this clip there are a lot of different camera shots. One camera shot that is used is a dolly zoom. This is used at the start of the clip when the camera is focusing on the receptionist, the camera then zooms into the character when the authorities walk into the hotel. By using this camera shot the audience is able to recognise the tense atmosphere as by zooming it the viewers are able to see that a bad thing is about to happen and so the camera is gauging the receptionists' expression. This also adds suspension to the atmosphere which makes the TV series seem more exciting and doesn't bore the audience. Another camera shot that is used is a point of view/over the shoulder shot. This is used when the authorities walk in and the camera is placed over the shoulder of the receptionist so the audience can see from her point of view. When using this camera shot it makes the audience more aware of what is happening and understand more of the storyline, this makes them feel more involved with the series and bond with the characters so they are easily recognised. This makes the atmosphere more tense as the audience is aware of something that some of the characters are not e.g. the viewers know the hotel contains a large amount of immigrants whereas the authorities suspect but are not 100% sure.



This scene from the TV series Hotel Babylon contains a lot of editing techniques. The first type of editing is the fast-paced editing that is used throughout this clip. This is when all the scenes are edited together and contains lots of different shots, this creates an effect that time is happening quickly and makes it look like everything is going on all at once at different places. By doing this it helps produce a bigger tension for the audience and builds suspense letting the audience wonder what may happen. Another editing technique that is used is shot reverse shot. This is when the camera is on one character looking at another (off screen) and then the camera moves to the next character looking back at them. When this is used it's normally to show a conversation between two characters. However in this clip it is used when the receptionist is talking to the other staff member telling him the secret code to hide the immigrants that are inside the hotel. This shot is used to show the audience the interaction between them so that they can easily understand what is going on and why they have to warn everyone in the building. Also by using this shot it adds to the already tense atmosphere.


In this clip there is diegetic sound that has been used. When the audience see the characters running, walking, talking, shouting they hear the sounds to go with it e.g. footsteps, voices. This is used to help the audience understand what is happening and follow with the story, when the noises are not corresponding with what is on screen it makes it hard for the viewers to listen and pay attention to the show. The dialogue used in this clip makes the series more realistic which makes it more relatable for the audience. Another technique used is non diegetic sound. This has been shown when they use music over certain moments in a clip. In this scene the music has been played over the tense parts e.g. when all the immigrants are running into the cupboard. As this happens the music speeds up and the bass becomes deeper, this has been done as this adds suspense which makes it more realistic for the audience as they are able to feel what the characters may be feeling at this certain time. By using non diegetic sound the viewers are able to be caught up in the story and makes sure they do not get bored or don't understand what is happening. This makes the TV series become more popular due to people liking the tense scenes.


The lighting used in this scene is very bright and ambient, this is used to show that at this moment in the clip it is daylight. However the light is slightly darker to show that the characters are indoor and not outside, the bright light contrasts against the hotel being mysterious and aloof. There are a few props used in this scene such as the hoovers that the cleaner uses just before he gets taken away by the authorities. This is to show the audience this characters position in the show and what his job entails, this makes it much more realistic and understandable. The setting of this show is of a hotel featuring the lobby, laundry room and hallways. This has been used to make it again more realistic and for the audience to believe the characters are real.

Star Wars Essay

Marketing and Distribution Star Wars Essay by Nieeve Quinn on Scribd

Star Wars: The Force Awakens - The Seven Key Areas

Star Wars the Force Awakens by Nieeve Quinn on Scribd

Star Wars: The Force Awakens

Who owns Lucasfilm?
Walt Disney Productions
Who formed Lucasfilm?
George Lucas
What year was Lucasfilm formed?
1971
Who is the president of Lucasfilm?
Kathleen Kennedy
What other major films have they worked on?
E.T
The Sixth Sense
Jurassic Park
War Horse
Twister
How much was Lucasfilm sold for?
$4.09 billion
Who wrote Star Wars: The Force Awakens?
J.J. Abrams
George Lucas
Lawrence Kasdan
Who directed Star Wars: The Force Awakens?
J.J. Abrams
What other major films is the director responsible for?
Lost
Super 8
Star Trek
Mission Impossible III
Cloverfield
10 Cloverfield Lane
Armageddon
How many Star Wars films have there been so far (list them)?
Star Wars (1977)

The Empire Strikes Back (1980)

Return of the Jedi (1983)

The Phantom Menace (1999)

Attack of the Clones (2002)

Revenge of the Sixth (2005)

The Force Awakens (2015)

How much money have they all made at the global box office?
1977 - $786,598,007

1980 - $534,171,960 1983 - $572,705,079 1999 - $1,027,044,677 2002 - $656,695,615 2005 - $848,998,877 2015 - $2,058,662,225

When was the first Star Wars film released?
1977
What does ILM stand for?
Industrial Light & Magic
What do ILM do?
They do the visual effects (CGI).
Who created ILM?
George Lucas
Why did they create ILM?
George Lucas wanted to create ILM so he could include visual effects in the first Star Wars film in 1977.
What do casting directors do?
Casting Directors organize and facilitate the casting of actors for all the roles in a film. This involves working closely with the director and producer to understand their requirements, and suggesting ideal artists for each role, as well as arranging and conducting interviews and auditions.
Where were the first scenes for Star Wars: The Force Awakens filmed?
The very first scenes from Star Wars: The Force Awakens were filmed in a desert near Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates).
What format was Star Wars: The Force Awakens shot on?
Camera Film
What types of camera were used to film Star Wars: The Force Awakens?J.J. Abrams used 35mm to capture the majority of Star Wars The Force Awakens, they also used 65mm IMAX cameras for one specific sequence.
What studio was used to film a large portion of the film?
Pinewood Studios
Where is the studio?
Buckinghamshire, England
What major franchise is famously filmed at this studio?
James Bond
How does said franchise link to Star Wars: The Force Awakens?
Who was the inspiration for the character Maz Kanata?
J.J. Abrams old English teacher, Rose Gilbert.
What technology was used to create Maz Kanata?
Motion Picture
Who played Maz Kanata & what other roles is she famous for?
Lupita Nyong'o
12 Years a Slave - Patsey
The Jungle Book - Raksha
Who played General Snoke?
Andy Serkis
What is he renowned for in the movie business?
Playing Gollum in The Lord of the Rings trilogy.
Where was the final scene filmed?
Island in Ireland called Skellig Michael.
Who composed the film score?
John Williams
How many Star wars films has he composed the music for?
7
What other famous films has he created the music for?
The BFG
Jaws
Harry Potter
The Book Thief
Jurassic Park
How many times did John Boyega audition for the film (according to JJ Abrams)?
Over what period of time did these auditions occur?
2014
How many people operated B-B8?
2
What type of technology was the main version of B-B8?
Sphero
What colour suit did the B-B8 operator wear?
Green
What did he have to wear such a suit?
The man had to wear a green suit because when the team comes to edit the scene they are able to erase the man due to making the green change into the background (green screen).
What type of special effects (SFX) were employed on Star Wars: The Force Awakens?
How many people were behind the monitor watching the scene when Han and Chewie returned to the Millennium Falcon?
Why was Simon Pegg thanked in the credits for Star Wars: The Force Awakens?
JJ Abrams shot part of Star Wars: The Force Awakens in IMAX. What is IMAX?
A technique of widescreen cinematography which produces an image approximately ten times larger than that from standard 35 mm film.How many IMAX screens was The film available on?
29 theatres
What was the age rating of the film in the UK?
12A
How much money did the UK government contribute to the production of Star Wars: The Force Awakens? (Express this figure as a percentage of the total cost and as a figure in pounds).
£25 million
How much was Harrison Ford paid to reprise his role of Han Solo?
 Harrison Ford on Disney and Lucasfilm’s sequel with a paycheck upwards of $10 million and as high as $20 million to reprise his role of Han Solo.
How much were Daisy Ridley and John Boyega paid?
John Boyega and Daisy Ridley were paid in the low-six-figure range ($100k-$300k).

Luther

This clip taken from the TV series Luther shows an example of binary opposition. These two characters show opposition as they are both different genders competing against each other for power. The female character named Alice tries to gain power by making the male character, Luther, feel vulnerable by using his lack of a marriage against him, making him feel worthless and lonely. On the other hand Luther gains power by making Alice feel small and stupid by pointing out the lack of knowledge and experience she has with love, this aggravates her which shows his power as it proves he is getting under her skin.


In this clip there is many different camera shots that are used for many reasons. The first camera shot that is used often is a point of view/over the shoulder shot. This is used to make the audience feel involved in the conversation, due to the speed of the characters replying to each other this shot makes it much easier for the viewers to follow and understand what they are saying. This shot is also able to show the height difference, because of this the audience are able to see the differences between male and female. The angle over Luther's shoulder show Alice to be much smaller portraying her as being delicate and fragile compared to his broad shoulders. Another camera shot used is a close up of both Luther's and Alice's face, this is used when they are standing very close together. By using this the audience are able to engage with the characters expressions and interpret them their own way. Also by having the camera close to Alice's face the viewers can see her feminine features compared to Luther's masculine features e.g. Alice has sharp shaped eyebrows with long eyelashes and Luther has big eyebrows with short eyelashes. The audience can also see their opposition, Alice has blue eyes which contrasts with her red hair but Luther has dark brown eyes which is the same as his hair.



The editing used in this clip is continuous editing. This has been used to make it seem like a continuous scene and make the audience engage with the storyline. Due to there being a lot of speaking and no action the viewers can easily get bored if they don't understand what is happening but by using this type of editing they are able to follow the story and enjoy it. This editing technique also makes it much more realistic which is helpful for the audience as it makes it relatable and not too drastic like many other TV programmes. Cut editing has also been used. This has been used to maintain the continuity editing and continue to engage the audience in the storyline. By using this technique it gives the effect that time is happening quicker then it actually is which stops the viewers from getting bored or tiresome by seeing the same scene for a long time.



There are different type of sounds that is used in this scene. The first one being diegetic sound. This is used throughout the clip when you see the two characters, Luther and Alice, talking to each other and the audience hear the words the same time they see it. By using this they are able to create a narrative for the audience, this enables the audience to understand what is happening and focus on what the characters are saying so they can make sense of it. The dialogue makes it more realistic for the viewers which makes them enjoy the show more, if the TV programme was too unrealistic then the audience would find it hard to follow so would not continue to watch it. There is another sound type that is used which is non-diegetic sound. This is only used throughout the tense scenes when Luther and Alice are talking about being evil. When the two characters are talking the camera moves to others face with the other characters voice talking over the top, this gives the audience time to gauge the characters expression and understand how they feel. This type of technique is used to add to the already tense scene and make it much more intense for the viewers.





The lighting used for this clip is very bright and ambient. This has been used to show that the characters are talking in daylight and to show the transition from outside to inside the lighting changes slightly. At the start of the clip when the characters are outside talking the lighting is extremely bright but when they go inside the building later on in the clip the light goes a bit darker to show the change. The bright light contrasts with the characters being dark and mysterious. The costumes that they are wearing are very plain and simple e.g. Luther is wearing a black suit and tie which is normally situated with being a police detective, Alice is wearing a high quality work outfit which is typical when working in an office. The background shows a urban setting which fits with the crime genre of the TV programme which are usually set in this area. When the two characters go inside Alice's office the decoration of the room fits in with the original setting e.g. the city.